Terminology

L/O: to explore media terminology used to analyse exam texts.
Camera Work:
  • establishing shots - a shot in filmmaking or television that sets up the context for the scene ahead, designed to inform the audience where the action will be taking place. Shows relationship between people and objects, and establishes the scene's geography.
  • low angle, high angle, canted angle or aerial shots - (low angle) a shot from a camera angle positioned low on a vertical axis, anywhere below the eye line, looking up. (high angle) where the camera looks down on the subject, can make subject seem powerless. (canted angle) camera angle that is deliberately slanted to one side. (aerial shots) shot taken from an elevated vantage point, gives viewers a deeper understanding of what is happening below.
  • elaborate camera movement such as tracks, steadicam or crane shots - (tracks) any shot that the camera follows backwards, forwards or moves along the subject being recorded.(steadicam) keeps camera steady for filming when handheld or moving. (crane shot) a shot taken by a camera on a moving crane or jib.
  • hand-held camera - a filmmaking and video production technique in which a camera is held in the camera operator's hands.
  • point-of-view shots - is a short film scene that shows what a character is looking at.
  • shallow focus and focus pulls - (shallow focus) one plane of image is in focus while the rest is out of focus, used to emphasize one part of the image over another. (focus pulls) where you change focus during a shot adjusting focus from one subject to another.
Editing:
  • shot/reverse shot - (shot) series of frames that runs for an uninterrupted period of time (reverse shot) where one character is shown looking at another character, and then the other character is shown looking back at the first character.
  • juxtaposition - two thing being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.
  • non-continuity editing - when shots are mismatched to disrupt the impression of time and space.
  • cross cutting - to establish action occurring at the same time and usually in the same place, the camera work will cut from one action to another.
  • fast-pace editing - film editing technique which refers to several consecutive shots of a brief duration (3 seconds or less).
  • less common transitions: dissolve, wipe, fade - (dissolve) gradual transition from one image to another. (wipe) where one shot replaces another by travelling from one side of the frame to another or with a special shape. (fade) where a shot gradually fades to or from a single colour, usually black or white.
  • post-production effects. - includes tasks such as the editing of raw footage to cut scenes, insert transition effects, working with voice and sound actors, third final set in film creation.
Soundtrack:
  • music - music specifically written for use in film, tv production, commercials, radio, gaming, corporate videos the internet and more.
  • diegetic/non-diegetic sound
  • sound effects
  • sound bridge
  • voiceover
Mise en scene:
  • lighting (especially low-key lighting)
  • location/set
  • costume and make-up
  • Props
  • casting and performance style
  • blocking (the composition of elements within the shot)

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